What is oxides charge

Abstract Abstract. The interface state density is greatly reduced in water containing ambients at low temperatures 0 C by forming trivalent silicon hydroxide bonds.

In the bulk of the oxide film, the trivalent silicon and the interstitial oxygen donor centers are shown to be responsible for the heat and radiation generated positive space charge build-up oxide charge in thermally grown silicon oxide. Country of publication. United States. Descriptors DEI. Descriptors DEC. Publication Year Publication Year. Reference Number Reference Number. Reprints and Permissions. Coey, M. Charge-ordering in oxides. Download citation. Published : 08 July Issue Date : 08 July Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

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The key to writing proper ionic formulas is simple: the total positive charge must balance the total negative charge. Because the charges on the ions are characteristic, sometimes we have to have more than one of a cation or an anion to balance the overall positive and negative charges.

It is conventional to use the lowest ratio of ions that are needed to balance the charges. Each ion has a single charge, one positive and one negative, so we need only one ion of each to balance the overall charge. When writing the ionic formula, we follow two additional conventions: 1 write the formula for the cation first and the formula for the anion next, but 2 do not write the charges on the ions. The formula Na 2 Cl 2 also has balanced charges, but the convention is to use the lowest ratio of ions, which would be one of each.

By convention, the formula is MgO. The ionic compound NaCl is very common. To balance the charges with the lowest number of ions possible, we need to have two chloride ions to balance the charge on the one magnesium ion. Rather than write the formula MgClCl, we combine the two chloride ions and write it with a 2 subscript: MgCl 2.

What is the formula MgCl 2 telling us? There are two chloride ions in the formula. Although chlorine as an element is a diatomic molecule, Cl 2 , elemental chlorine is not part of this ionic compound.

The chlorine is in the form of a negatively charged ion , not the neutral element. Write the proper ionic formula for each of the two given ions. Write the proper ionic formulas for each of the two given ions. Naming ionic compounds is simple: combine the name of the cation and the name of the anion, in both cases omitting the word ion.

Do not use numerical prefixes if there is more than one ion necessary to balance the charges. NaCl is sodium chloride, a combination of the name of the cation sodium and the anion chloride.

MgO is magnesium oxide. MgCl 2 is magnesium chloride— not magnesium dichloride. In naming ionic compounds whose cations can have more than one possible charge, we must also include the charge, in parentheses and in roman numerals, as part of the name.

Again, no numerical prefixes appear in the name. The number of ions in the formula is dictated by the need to balance the positive and negative charges. How do you know whether a formula—and by extension, a name—is for a molecular compound or for an ionic compound?

Molecular compounds form between nonmetals and nonmetals, while ionic compounds form between metals and nonmetals. The periodic table Figure 3. There also exists a group of ions that contain more than one atom. These are called polyatomic ions. Only one of them, the ammonium ion, is a cation; the rest are anions. Most of them also contain oxygen atoms, so sometimes they are referred to as oxyanions. Some of them, such as nitrate and nitrite, and sulfate and sulfite, have very similar formulas and names, so care must be taken to get the formulas and names correct.

Note that the -ite polyatomic ion has one less oxygen atom in its formula than the -ate ion but with the same ionic charge. Fuerstenau, Froth Flotation 50th Anniversary Volume , p. Google Scholar. Choi, Y. Kim and Y. Paik, Can. Hauffe, Oxidation of Metals , p. Kubaschewski and B. Hopkins, Oxidation of Metals and Alloys , p.

Dekker, Solid State Physics , p. Uhlig, Acta metall. Hauffe and A. Sierk, Z.